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Tall blueberries in your garden
Tall blueberries are gradually conquering the territory of Russia. We learn about its advantages and methods of cultivation.
Content
- General information video
- Useful properties of berries
- Cultivation agricultural
- Planting seedlings
- Plant care
- Shrub pruning
- Varieties of blueberries
General information
We always knew that blueberry is a plant of marshy soils, wild-growing.
Therefore, this is a low plant; it is rarely used in crop farming.
But her own sister - tall blueberries, cultivated in the culture and gradually begins to be grown in Russia.
Tall blueberries - a native of North America, there have created more than a hundred large-fruited and productive varieties and grown on an industrial scale.
Blueberries are cultivated in many countries of Europe, Japan, rather large plantings in Belarus.
Varietal blueberry is a powerful, tall, deciduous shrub, has aromatic fruits, sweet with a faint sour taste.
Modern varieties have high yields, up to 10 kg. berries from the bush.
The productive life of the bush, several decades.
Useful properties of berries
Blueberries are not only a valuable food product, but also a natural medicine.
Organic acids and phenolic compounds contained in berries help increase the strength and elasticity of blood vessels, assimilate vitamins, and improve the functioning of the endocrine glands.
The berries not only taste good, but also contain flavonoids, which have a vasodilating and anti-inflammatory property.
Berries are not at all scary for allergy sufferers, as they contain few coloring substances.
Berries help to remove salts of heavy metals and radioactive elements from the body.
The fruits contain fructose, which allows people suffering from diabetes to consume it.
American scientists consider it a berry of longevity, as the consumption of fresh berries rejuvenates the body.
Cultivation agricultural
Blueberry shrub prefers flat areas that are well warmed up and well lit.
Ideally, the soil should be light, acidic, well aerated.
For good growth, the earth must be moist, rich in humus.
But everything is good in moderation.
It is not difficult to bring the soil for blueberries in perfect condition, if the soil is neutral or alkaline, it is acidified by applying acid peat.
Important! So that the soil around the hole where the peat is added does not dilute the acid, a film is lined around the bush in the planting hole, then peat is added and blueberries are planted. The film protects the penetration of acidity further, this peat lasts for 5-6 years, then a new portion is introduced.
Important! When caring for blueberries, do not use organics, as this contributes to the rapid alkalization of the soil. For blueberries - this is deadly!
Planting seedlings
Two or three year old seedlings are planted in late autumn or early spring, but better in spring.
The optimal landing pattern is 1.5x1.5 meters.
When planting, pay special attention to the root system.
All roots, even the smallest, should be evenly distributed, no kinks or bends should be allowed.
After planting, the seedlings abundantly water and mulch the earth around with pine sawdust, they retain moisture well, slightly acidify the soil and prevent the weeds from growing.
Plant care
Caring for blueberries is simple: you need to carry out regular watering, at least 2-3 times a week, under each bush for a bucket of water and timely removal of weeds.
Important! Since the roots of the plant are close to the surface of the earth, you can loosen it no deeper than 5-7 cm.
In autumn, the soil around the stands is mulched with sawdust of conifers, up to 2 cm thick.
Important! In case of artificial acidification of the soil, the pH should be 3.5-4.0. If the soil is too acidic, it can be restored a little, for which plants are sprayed with 0.1% copper sulfate solution.
Further, as it grows, it is necessary to introduce complex fertilizer.
A very good composition, in which the nitrogen content is several times higher than phosphorus and potassium, since a lack of nitrogen in the soil is harmful to blueberries.
Nitrogen can be introduced in early spring and before the beginning of June.
It must be remembered that high fertilizer application will not bring any benefits, i.e. everything should be in moderation.
All top dressing must be carried out in several stages: the first time in early spring; the second time - in June and summer no more than 30% of the norm.
Shrub pruning
If you want blueberries to develop well, you need to timely trim the bush.
If you do not do it, then the growth will decrease very soon, at short growths, usually there are very few kidneys and fruits.
Pruning is done in early spring, before buds open, this stimulates lush flowering, increases productivity, and increases resistance to negative temperatures in winter.
The simplest type of pruning is sanitary, with this pruning, sick, broken, thin, dried shoots are cut.
Places of slices are covered with garden var.
Four years after planting, anti-aging pruning is performed.
At the same time, first sanitary pruning is performed, then all shoots close to the ground are cut, all old branches and those that do not give a growth of more than 10 cm are cut.
The most difficult crop option is formative.
With this trim, it is necessary to brighten the center of the crown.
Remove all thin shoots, especially those that grow inside the bush.
As a result of such pruning, only 5-6 young and well-developed shoots should remain.
Varieties of blueberries
For the conditions of central Russia, the following varieties are suitable for cultivation:
-Weymouth - the earliest variety, the berries ripen in late July, in early August, the harvest is fully harvested.
Productivity from the bush 3-3.5 kg.
This variety does not form a large crown, has good resistance to low negative temperatures in spring, and is quite resistant to pests and pathogens.
-” Blue Ray - This is a mid-season variety, light blue berries, ripen in mid-August.
Productivity is up to 3 kg. from the bush. The bush has a height of up to 2 meters.
-Rankocas - a good variety of early ripening, the bush has medium height, the berries are collected in a dense brush, have a light blue color, yield up to 3.5 kg. from the bush.
