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We make a monolithic foundation, how to fill in and in what cases this type of foundation is suitable
The decision to build something on a summer cottage will definitely lead you to thought: do you need a foundation for a future building? And here it turns out that this difficult issue requires careful study, because any load-bearing structure that has weight puts pressure on the soil, and soil density can play an important role in the fate of the building. It will be a shame if the new house squint after the first winter, and the brickwork of the stove collapses in the bathhouse. This can happen if the foundation strength is not calculated, if the tape did not withstand the load, and the soil can suddenly freeze to a depth greater than the calculated one. In Europe, frame houses are often built on a monolithic slab, but we have less interest in this type of foundation device. Really practical Germans refuse additional savings? Of course not! And while still taking advantage of the monolith. Which ones? Consider the article.
Content
- What is a monolithic foundation video
- Solid foundation technology video
- Examples of a monolithic foundation device
- Foundation concrete
- The cost of a monolithic foundation
What is a monolithic foundation
A monolithic foundation is called a solid concrete base under the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe building, buried in the ground at a certain distance.
The advantages of a solid foundation slab are the simplicity of its manufacture and the absence of the need to erect a separate base for heavy additional elements of the house, stove, boilers, etc. But its simplicity is indirectly associated with the cost of the material, because concrete and reinforcement on a monolithic foundation will require much more than on a tape or pile.
Thus, deciding on foundation making, it is necessary to take into account the factor of its applicability for a given type of structure and the state of the soil.
There are three types of slab foundations:
- deep laying is set below the end point of freezing
- low depth of installation in the ground is approximately 50-60 centimeters (it is also called floating)
- barefoot is installed directly on the ground after leveling
Solid foundation technology
In the manufacture of a solid concrete base for a house, foundation technology is used on the basis of a monolithic slab, concrete is poured into the formwork to a height that can withstand the expected load.
If the weight of the house is small, the most practical solution will be to make a shallow foundation. To do this, sod is removed from the soil surface and the earth is taken out to a depth of 50-60 centimeters over the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe future foundation.
Drainage and sewer pipes are marked and installed. Then, sanding with a gravel and sand mixture for drainage is made, which after falling asleep is carefully leveled and poured with lean concrete (i.e. concrete with a low content of cementitious component, in this case cement).
A monolithic slab needs good waterproofing, so insulating material is laid on top of the poured mortar, which is used as a roofing material, plastic film or geotextile.
Since the foundation turns out to be shallow, it must be additionally insulated by putting foam or polyurethane on top of the waterproofing. Experts who study the experience of Western builders advise using expanded polystyrene as a heater, and laying foam blocks as mortgages in concrete in large quantities, which will ensure foundation insulation and save concrete. But such a technology requires additional study and a careful and prudent approach. After all the procedures associated with the preparation of the foundation foundation, the reinforcement cage is made, the reinforcement is cut and welded together with a certain frequency in any order (squares, rhombuses or rectangles).
It is time to pour concrete. It is advisable to lay it all at once, so you need to take care of the mixer, since a lot of concrete will go on a monolithic foundation. After pouring, the concrete needs to be well shaken (this is done with special wooden hammers and scrapers) and wait for it to solidify completely. The foundation is ready.
Examples of a monolithic foundation device
The foundation in the form of a monolithic slab is used in the construction of all types of country houses, but first of all it is recommended to use it for the device under hull structures, which are entirely placed on a future foundation. This is because when the soil is deformed, the house will move along with the base, which will exclude damage to individual structural elements.
You should also take into account the characteristics of the soil, for which it is necessary to examine it before the design of the structure. A monolithic integral foundation is used on moving and subsidence prone soils. It is possible to build on such a foundation, in principle, any house, but it should be light and small in size, therefore, if a brick house is planned it should be small in size and one-story with a wooden attic. The best option for building on a monolithic foundation is a bathhouse or a small frame house. As the main material for the construction, foam concrete is well suited, which does not create a strong load on foundation.
Foundation concrete
For the manufacture of a monolithic foundation, ordinary concrete of a grade of at least M300 (B22.5) is required, but it must be prepared at the factory using technological maps.
In no case do you need to buy concrete for the foundation from unknown characters on the Internet, the risk is high that it can be of poor quality and this will damage the house, which will take a lot of effort and money to build. In the preparation of concrete for the foundation (any, not only monolithic), it is better to trust the professionals.
The cost of a monolithic foundation
The total cost of a monolithic foundation depends on the height of the slab and averages when using concrete M300 1300-1500 rubles per square meter per 10 centimeters of height. That is, a monolithic foundation with a height of 40 cm under a house with an area of \u200b\u200b6x6 will cost no less than 180 thousand rubles.
