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DIY pile foundation
Frame houses, timber and log cabins are considered lightweight structures. Very often, the owners of the site independently design these buildings. At the same time, the question is about choosing the type of foundation.
Content
- General information video
- Working process
- Materials
- Instruments
- Drill blade design
- Pile making
- Concrete
- Pile size
- Fixing the building frame to the foundation
General information
In our opinion, (and we tested this in practice, a frame house built three years ago on a pile foundation feels great) is the best option for easy construction.
The main advantages of this foundation are:
- the point of support on the ground is located below the level of freezing of the ground;
- minimum cost of materials;
- the minimum amount of labor;
- lack of costs for the delivery of materials as a result of using our own transport.
Working process
We mark the site taking into account the construction of the frame house. Since during the construction of a frame house, it is advantageous to make all the horizontal dimensions of the structure around the perimeter a multiple of 60 cm (this is due to the dimensions of the beam from which the frame is assembled, the dimensions of the cladding panels and insulation plates).
In this regard, it is convenient to install piles with a pitch of 120 cm. In this case, every second installation unit of the vertical frame rack will rely on one of the piles of the future foundation, this is a very good option. Having marked the installation of future piles along the perimeter of the future house with a step of 120 cm, in the places of marks we make small excavations, in the place of which we will further excavate the earth with a brown.
Materials
The fixed formwork of the filler pile can be pieces of asbestos-cement pipe with a diameter of up to 200 mm., Or a ruberoid sleeve wound in two layers.
The sheets of roofing material are cut in accordance with the size (depth) of the future foundation, are folded into a cylinder, the upper part of this cylinder, to maintain the shape of the pile, is fixed with adhesive tape around the circumference or stitched with a stapler.
For reliability, in future piles, it is necessary to place reinforcement with a length within the height of the pile column. Compounds for concrete are being prepared: cement, sand, gravel and water.
Instruments
Since, the future well will be built with the extension to the bottom (it is necessary to increase the support and to prevent displacement of the pile in the winter), therefore, tools will be required:
- garden drill with a diameter of 200 mm .;
- drill blade for broadening the bottom, the maximum width of 190 mm .;
- tamper.
- water level
We had experience drilling water wells. The driller's phone was learned through the media. But this method of drilling is not suitable for this case.
The drill can be purchased for sale, instead of tamping, you can use a piece of log of the desired diameter, attaching to it a transverse bar for the handle. A drill blade can be ordered at a locksmith's workshop or purchased at a store with a TISE-F device for drilling and broadening a well base.
After drilling the well, the base of the well is expanded with a spatula. For this, the blade is lowered into the finished well, deepened into the wall and rotated. After a full turn, the cut soil is removed. To expand the bottom of the well, the procedure is carried out several times.
Drill blade design
The main size of the drill-blade should be 10 mm. smaller than the diameter of the well.
The need for this gap makes it easy to manipulate the blade when lowering it to the bottom of the well and excavating.
Pile making
Concrete is poured to the bottom of the well until the entire broadening cavity is filled, elements of the welded reinforcement are inserted, then the sleeves from the roofing material or asbestos-cement pipe are lowered into the well, and the pouring of concrete continues, periodically piercing it with scrap.
When the sleeve is filled with concrete, you can raise it a little stirring to the level of the future foundation, determined by the cord stretched at a given height.
The solution is added and the surface is leveled. The technological process for the production of the filler pile is completed.
Concrete
It is necessary to pay attention to the quality of concrete. If you prepare the concrete yourself, consider the proportions and measure out most conveniently with 10 liter buckets.
Cement of the M-500 brand is used, one bucket of cement will need four buckets of sand and a bucket of gravel.
To facilitate the preparation of the mortar, you will need a concrete mixer, which can be purchased at the store or rented.
The concrete mixer of the future solution is poured into the concrete mixer (depending on the volume of the concrete mixer), then all this is mixed and filled with water. The finished solution is poured into the prepared sleeves.
Pile size
The depth of soil freezing in Russia has a different size. Hence the simplest solution, so that the fulcrum on the ground lies below the level of maximum possible freezing, pile to put below the freezing point by 30-40 cm.
But if the construction is a light frame house, which allows slight movement of the foundation, then, based on the experience of construction, 1 meter long poured piles, depth of only 90 cm, have worked well on heaving clay soils, even in severe frosts.
Fixing the building frame to the foundation
Experienced builders suggest that when erecting a frame construction, mortgage anchor anchors in the pile head. During the pouring of the upper part of the formwork of the pile, anchor dowels are embedded in the still-frozen concrete, moving them to the side from the center so that when laying the lower trim of the frame, the mounting bolts are on the side, on the inside of the perimeter.
After aligning the diagonals of the lower harness, using steel L-shaped plates and screws, the bars are connected to the anchor dowels. Such a connection reliably fixes the frame elements during assembly, does not interfere with the movement of wood when it dries, since in construction we usually use raw lumber.
