Berries of sea buckthorn, how to grow sea buckthorn, in a personal plot, with your own hands
It is difficult to imagine a beautiful garden without ornamental shrubs, they perfectly decorate the general background of the site. As a rule, the main decoration in most plants is flowers and leaves, most often there are no fruits. But sea buckthorn not only looks interesting and blooms brightly, but also gives incredibly healthy berries! Of course, such a shrub is simply necessary in our gardens, planting sea buckthorn and care are not as difficult as it might seem at first glance.
Content
- Dioecious sea buckthorn video
- Varieties of sea buckthorn
- Soil requirements and planting
- Care how to grow sea buckthorn video
- Possible pests and diseases
- Harvesting
- Propagation of sea buckthorn
Dioecious sea buckthorn
If you decide to plant sea buckthorn for a crop, you will have to select two locations for it, for male and female shrubs.
Differences between shrubs are noticeable only after two years of age, therefore, it is quite difficult to purchase seedlings of a certain gender.
However, there are several ways to distinguish plants, the first of which is the simplest - trust the seller, the second way to independently dig out cuttings from an adult female and male tree. The third method is available in spring. In the female seedling, 5 petals bloom, in the male seedlings less, but the buds are larger. It is believed that pollen from a neighbor's male tree is enough for a woman to pollinate sea buckthorn, this is true, but from experience, a family planting gives more yield. When planning planting two shrubs, keep in mind that male sea buckthorn is larger and more spreading than female.
For decorative purposes, any sea buckthorn is suitable, the flowers of the female sea buckthorn are brighter, the male tree does not form fruits. In general, one male shrub is enough for 6-8 fruiting trees, on the basis of this, you can plant three trees for harvest, then to harvest it or use it as a decorative element of the garden, leaving the berries on the branches until spring.
Varieties of sea buckthorn
For planting sea buckthorn, it is better to choose the most frost-resistant varieties, with fewer thorns for convenient berry picking.
Recommended varieties of domestic origin - Trofimovskaya, Botanical Fragrant, Moscow, Flaming. The most frost-resistant varieties of sea buckthorn are Popular, Vladimirka and Vitamin.
Varieties of sea buckthorn without spines - Nugget, Plentiful, Botanical.
Soil requirements and planting
Sea buckthorn is resistant to frost, drought and adverse soil conditions. Usually the plant is not susceptible to disease and is not attacked by pests. What is really necessary is a sunny place and permeable soil; in the shade, sea buckthorn does not grow well, roots in excessively moist soil rot. Despite this unpretentiousness, sea buckthorn will be better to bear fruit on sandy, alkaline soil with a high content of calcium and phosphorus.
The timing of planting sea buckthorn in the fall of September or the end of August, but spring planting is preferable, planting of sea buckthorn in the autumn often ends unsuccessfully, young seedlings suffer from a sharp temperature drop. Shrubs can be planted near a pond, the distance between the seedlings should be at least 2 m. The height of the tree reaches 6-8 m, do not cover other plants requiring sunlight with sea buckthorn.
Care how to grow sea buckthorn
Regularly remove the overgrowth that appears, layering weakens the mother tree, which leads to a decrease in yield. During the entire growing season, maintain moderate soil moisture, avoiding drying out. During a drought, adult sea buckthorn will need an average of 3 buckets of water, for a young one - about 6.
Every three years, at the beginning of October, mineral and organic fertilizers are applied. Humus and compost are added at the rate of 8 kg / m2 or 200 g of superphosphate, 50 g of potash fertilizer. Fertilize plants after loosening the soil with a depth of not more than 8 cm.
Formative pruning is carried out the first five years after planting shrubs, buckthorn pruning in the fall. Irregular, parallel branches excessively thickening the plant are removed. Anti-aging pruning of sea buckthorn is used after the eighth year, dry branches are cut off. Preventive pruning is required, every spring before the buds open, broken and frozen branches are cut.
Possible pests and diseases
The most frequent visitor to sea buckthorn is the sea buckthorn aphid.
Damaged by insect leaves curl, turn yellow and fall, the sea buckthorn bark darkens. To protect the plants, before the buds open, sea buckthorn is sprayed with infusion of onion husks. Sea buckthorn is ill with only two ailments - endomycosis and drying. Endomycosis has an infectious origin and affects berries. The fruits acquire a light shade, subsequently soften, become unsuitable for collection. The only measure to save the crop is the manual removal of diseased berries.
The drying of sea buckthorn is characterized by the withering of leaves, flowers or fruits. The bark turns red, damaged areas of the bush die. A control measure is the removal of infected branches. The best prevention of this disease is proper care and fertile soil.
Harvesting
Sea buckthorn in the fall is ready for harvest, the best months of harvest are August, September. Depending on the variety and location, on average, adult sea buckthorn gives 20 kg of fruit. In most cases, berries are picked manually on plantations, and special machines are used for harvesting, which cut fruit branches, which allows you to collect 95% of the berries.
If the moment of the harvest is missed, a fabric is spread under the tree and the shrub is shaken, overripe berries will fall off, those that remain on the branches are picked manually. Harvesting with hooks is undesirable; kidneys and growing branches are damaged.
Propagation of sea buckthorn
Sea buckthorn propagates by seeds, cuttings and root layers.
After collecting the berries, the seeds are separated from the pulp, washed, dried and stored in a cold room for up to three months. Sown seeds in fertile soil in the spring (April-May) covering with a thin layer of sand. For sowing, it is recommended to use large pots, where the bushes will grow for three years, then they are transplanted to a permanent place. About 80% of the female seedlings come from seeds, the rest are boys.
Only female sea-buckthorn propagates by cuttings; a strong sex from cuttings is rarely rooted. In June, cut the stalk about 20 cm long and plant it in a container with a mixture of soil and peat. Planting sea buckthorn in a constant place in spring, after planting, the seedlings are fertilized with potash fertilizer.
