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Do-it-yourself grounding in a private house
Today, any country house is equipped with all kinds of powerful household electrical appliances. Naturally, there is a need to ground a private house. You can ground yourself
Content
- What is grounding?
- What grounding elements does the system consist of
- Ground loop
- What grounding scheme of a private house to choose
- Grounding stages of a private house video
What is grounding?
Grounding is the deliberate connection of any point of the equipment with an electrical connection to earth. According to the definition, grounding is intended to provide reliable protection against the dangerous effects of the possibility of electric shock. Therefore, the earth is used as a current conductor, as one of the arms of an asymmetric vibrator. Grounding consists of a grounding conductor (ground loop) providing direct contact with the ground, as well as a grounding conductor. The most undesirable grounding option in terms of resistivity is rocky and rocky soils. The best option for the location of the ground loop are loamy and clay soils.
In order to make grounding in a private house, it will be necessary to build and install the ground loop. The ground loop for a private house will consist of vertical conductors (grounding conductors) driven into the ground. Earthing switches are interconnected by horizontal tapes, creating a contour of a certain configuration. The circuit is connected to the electrical panel. This is how grounding is done.
Grounding, like another system, consists of certain elements, without the relationship between which it is impossible to function properly.
What grounding elements does the system consist of
Grounding elements are:
vertical earthing
grounding strips or conductors.
Grounding is a qualitative quantity and depends on the value of the grounding resistance. The grounding value can be reduced by increasing the area of \u200b\u200bthe grounding electrodes, thereby reducing the resistance of the soil.
Vertical grounding can serve as a steel corner with dimensions of 50x50x5 mm. for horizontal - strip steel 40x4 mm. The choice of such materials and the size of grounding conductors is regulated by the official document PUE-7, section 1.7. It is unacceptable to use reinforcement as an earthing switch, because the current distribution over the red-hot outer layer of the reinforcement is violated.
Ground loop
When grounding a private house, a closed loop is created. The ground loop is a collection of metal conductors immersed in the ground and connected to an electrical appliance. According to the rules, the ground loop is made geometrically in the form of an equilateral triangle. All elements (conductors and grounding) of the ground loop are interconnected by bolts and welding. Preference is given to welding.
Owners of private houses are initially interested in the question of what materials can be used for the ground loop of a private house.
The most popular material is steel and steel in a copper sheath. True, the copper sheath used to create the contour is an expensive pleasure. The selection criterion when choosing an electrode is the sectional area parameter. Normally allowed the use of pipes, rectangular or corner profiles and rods. Moreover, the length of the electrode is significant and should reach 2 meters, and the minimum number of 3 electrodes.
What grounding scheme of a private house to choose
The grounding scheme is supposed to be produced using two systems: TN-C-S and TT.
Features of the TN-C-S system: this is a grounding system in which two functions, namely: zero protective and working conductors are combined in one conductor.
Features of the TT system: it is a system in which the neutral is grounded due to the use of a grounding device.
For power supply of a private house according to the TN-C-S scheme, the role of the conductor is performed by the PEN wire. The most widely used among owners of private houses is the TT system. Why? The answer is quite simple: with a TT system, all the conductive parts of electrical installations are directly connected to the ground through an earthing switch.
Stages of grounding a private house
Do-it-yourself grounding of a private house in several stages.
preparatory
earthworks
driving electrodes into the ground
electrode connection
drilling technological holes in the wall
ground wire routing
grounding performance check.
The preparatory phase involves the selection of the site where the ground loop will be located.
Earthwork is intended for the ground loop created in the soil of an equilateral triangle. To do this, dig holes and connecting trenches. The depth of the trenches and pits should reach 1.5 m. It is recommended to lay the ground loop at a distance of 1 meter from the foundation of a private house. The trenches are dug along a marked triangle to a depth of 1 m. The width of the trench should be sufficient for subsequent welding of the electrodes.
The electrodes are driven into the ground along the vertices of the triangle. Grounding conductors are driven into the soil to a depth of 2-3 meters. For convenience, the corners at the ends are sharpened. Work on driving conductors is preferably carried out with a sledgehammer. Deformation or alteration of the shape of the electrodes is not permissible.
The electrodes are connected using a threaded connection with a steel strip 40 mm wide and 4 mm thick and bolts M80 or M100. An M80 bolt is welded to the edge of the strip to secure the wire to a private home. A copper stranded wire is connected to the edge of the bolt, leading directly to the distribution panel of the house.
After completion of excavation and installation work on grounding, a control measurement of the ground loop is performed. The control measurement should show the resistance value of the grounding device. The measurement of the resistance of the ground loop is carried out by specialized laboratories using ohmmeters M416.
To thoroughly understand on your own about the purpose and functions of the circuit conductors when installing grounding, just watch the proposed video
