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Spring pruning of the garden, how to prune fruit trees and shrubs, useful tips
Nature gave each of her creations a natural beauty, but this does not mean at all that the bushes and trees grown for the harvest should not be subjected to the careful care of the gardener. Proper watering, top dressing and timely pruning are important factors that have a huge impact on getting a full crop.
Content
- The value of pruning for fruit tree, what tools will be needed to work
- How to choose the right cutting technique
- Types of tree pruning, which ones are used in spring
- What are the features of spring garden pruning
- Pear pruning in spring - workflow video
- Pruning apple trees in spring - how to form a crown video
- Cutting currants in spring - we fight bush thickening in a timely manner video
- Pruning raspberries in the spring - which measures will help increase productivity video
The value of pruning for fruit tree, what tools and materials will be needed to work
Pruning a garden is a procedure that allows for the correct formation of the crown, allowing each branch to receive a sufficient amount of sunlight and air. In addition, pruning allows you to reorganize the tree, to prevent it from being damaged by many diseases.
To prune correctly, it is best to use special garden tools:
- secateurs, it is best to use a convenient, conventional, allowing you to cut in one go,
- a hacksaw with a saber shape and a narrowed end of the cloth, with spaces between the teeth (they do not allow sawdust to accumulate),
- an air pruner, which is a cutting tool mounted on a telescopic rod, for the movement of which levers and ropes are used.
Before carrying out work, make sure that the tool blades are sharpened and clean. The use of low-quality tools can cause the formation of torn surfaces through which pathogens can penetrate. After completing the work, you should clean the surface of the blades and wipe it with oiled rags.
An important point is the subsequent processing of all sections with a diameter of more than 1 cm garden var. It is a special ointment made from petroleum products. At positive temperatures, it has a plastic consistency. If weather conditions do not allow the use of var, then treating wounds on a tree can be done with paint made on the basis of drying oil or with a mixture of cow dung with yellow clay.
How to choose the right cutting technique
The technique of cutting branches is chosen depending on the goals for which work is carried out.
Kidney cut allows you to change the direction of growth of branches, direct them in the right direction. A kidney cut is done on an annual shoot. At the same time, they find a kidney that has the desired growth direction. The cut is done at an angle of 45 degrees. In this case, the stump left should not be too large or small - in either case, the kidney may not wake up, therefore, a new shoot will not be received. When pruning shrubs, you can use the cut option with the stump.
Ring cut performed on an improperly growing branch, for example, if it goes to the center of the crown. The fruiting of such a branch will not be successful, but it will take a lot of nutrients from the tree. A non-thick branch can be cut with a secateurs, a cut is made along the outer surface of the ring - so that no sticking stump remains.
Side Branching Slice used to transfer growth from one branch to another, for example, if the main branch needs to be made side.
Types of tree pruning, which ones are used in spring
Spring pruning of the garden is an extremely important process that requires theoretical knowledge about what types of pruning can be used in spring. Forming pruning is used to create a certain silhouette and shape of the crown, the correct formation of the skeletal part of the tree gives it greater resistance to stress. If it is performed in February, the growth of branches will be intense, the forming pruning of the garden in the spring (March-April) will slow down the growth process a little.
During the spring months, from February to April, can also be produced crown trim, allowing to provide sufficient lighting for each of the branches.
Pruning a garden in the spring can be aimed at rejuvenation. It will stimulate the growth of new branches. If the growth of shoots during the year exceeds 10-15 cm, then for the awakening of the accessory and sleeping buds, it will be necessary to cut the branches. You can also perform anti-aging pruning in February or early fall.
In spring, as well as throughout the year, you can perform preventive pruning. It consists in the removal of damaged, dry, diseased branches. It is not recommended to perform such pruning at sub-zero temperatures. Pruning should be done taking into account the age of the tree and its size. The tool that was used when performing this type of work must be disinfected.
What are the features of spring garden pruning
Choosing the time for work should be done before sap flow has yet begun, but the trees are already fully prepared for it. With the onset of sap flow, the wounds on the trees will grow very quickly and will not provide any further hassle. Since the timing of pruning different types of trees does not coincide, then with the correct planning of work, you can safely process each tree in the garden.
Work should be carried out at a temperature close to 0 degrees, the cutoff after the procedure should be treated with paint, garden varnish or a mixture of yellow clay with cow manure.
Shrubs, especially those in which budding occurs on year-old shoots, cannot be pruned in spring.
Pear pruning in spring - workflow
Pear belongs to the type of stone fruit trees and its pruning is carried out in accordance with the recommendations concerning this species. In the southern regions, it can be cut in the winter, in those located to the north - with the beginning of spring. The main condition for the correct execution of work is the absence of leaves and flowers on the trees, and there should also be no swollen buds. There should not be any signs of seasonal vegetation on the tree, first the crown is thinned out, then the shoots are shortened.
Trimming Order:
- removal of all shoots extending from the trunk at an acute angle,
- removal of all shoots growing parallel to the trunk and tops,
- removal of shoots tending to the center of the crown,
- shortening the center conductor of the trunk,
- processing each slice with a cook,
- shortening of all young growth by about 1/3.
It is impossible to prune the buds, on which flowering and fruit ovary will occur.
Removing branches of any diameter should not lead to the appearance of stumps, i.e. a cut is made near the trunk itself, while leaving an influx of branches. The result of a properly cut is a neatly overgrown trail. In the event that the bark is damaged on healthy trees, callus begins to actively form, weakened trees can seriously suffer.
To protect branches with a diameter of more than 3 cm from damage to the bark, you must first file from below, then from above, in which case a branch falling under its own weight will not be able to damage the bark. If it was not possible to prevent damage to the cortex, it is recommended to clean the damage sites and process the cut.
Equally important is the timely and correct shortening of each of the annual growths. It is mainly applied to young trees which can give an increase from 0 to 120 cm per season, which leads to the formation of a rare crown. To avoid this, growth is shortened by about a third, this enhances the branching process and the awakening of the lateral buds. If the branch goes at an acute angle, it is better to remove it completely.
Pruning apple trees in spring - how to form a crown
In anticipation of the onset of spring, each owner carefully inspects his garden - pruning apple trees in it should be done every spring. First of all, frozen branches and broken branches are required to be removed from the trees - with the onset of the growing season, the apple tree will not spend energy on their development. The nutrients accumulated by the tree will allow you to quickly heal wounds from cuts.
Branches growing inward are also subject to removal; processes should not be left, the growth of which is directed towards parallel growing branches. Branches intertwined, even growing in different tiers, knots, small branches growing at the base of the branches are removed. Naturally, an older or defective branch is removed. Branches thickening the crown are subject to pruning.
When choosing branches for removal, remember that the bulk of the fruits will be formed on last year's branches. A tree that is properly looked after should be half composed of mature branches.
Spring pruning of apple trees should be made between the last frost and the beginning of sap flow in the tree.
A pruner is used for pruning young apple trees, and a saw is better for pruning adult trees. Tools should be well sharpened. In order not to cause a burn of the bark, paint made on the basis of drying oil or var is used to treat the cut site. Also, for disinfecting wounds, you can use a solution prepared from 1 part of copper sulfate and 10 parts of lime. Cutting sites for old branches are cut immediately, young ones the next day.
Since the root system of young trees is poorly developed, during spring planting, seedlings are pruned immediately. Over the next few years, only broken or dried branches will need to be removed from the tree. The shoots are shortened only in the case of very rapid growth, while leaving about 2/3 of the length. The buds that remain on the branch should not be directed inside the crown - this will contribute to its correct formation.
Cutting currants in spring - we fight bush thickening in a timely manner
The work should be devoted to the time when the kidneys have not yet woken up from hibernation. If it is not possible to complete the work in the period before the swelling of the kidneys, it is better to leave it in the fall or next spring, this will prevent the abundant loss of juice, and therefore useful substances.
Branches are subject to removal:
- intertwined and growing inside the bush,
- lying on the surface of the ground,
- twisted
- broken.
Branches having an age of more than five years are subject to removal - they will not take part in laying the main crop. They are cut off at the base, at ground level. They differ in darker shades of bark. Pruning neglected bushes is best done gradually, stretching the procedure for two to three years.
In the first year, the most damaged and diseased branches are cut out, this will lead to the appearance of new basal shoots. Next year, some of the strongest should be selected from them, the rest should be removed. This procedure is repeated every spring, until the bush is completely rejuvenated. About a third of the length of new branches is cut to form lateral shoots.
Similarly, spring pruning of white and red currants is made. Since the fruiting periods of these types of shrubs are somewhat longer, branches whose age is 8-10 years are subject to pruning. Removing younger branches is advisable only in the case of severe thickening of the bush.
Pruning raspberries in the spring - which measures will help increase productivity
It should be noted that raspberry pruning is the most important event that affects the laying of the crop. After planting, the seedling is immediately shortened to half a meter. Cut raspberries with a pruner, pruning will have to be repeated several times throughout the season.
Spring pruning is carried out in March, when the soil has not yet had time to warm up, more specific dates depend on weather conditions in the area of \u200b\u200bplant growth.
All broken, improperly formed and weak stems should be removed. The remaining ones are cut to the first kidney. Untimely trimming will negatively affect the formation of the future crop. It is pruning, and not pinching its top, that will provoke the awakening of the kidneys which during the season will give 3-6 shoots with berries.