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Thatched roof, heather roof, construction sequence
The name thatched roof is not at all unambiguous, this term combines an interesting option for using natural materials as roofing. Thatched roofs were built almost all over the world in ancient times, only reeds and reeds, sedge and palm leaves were used as straw in different countries, and in Scotland even heather was used as a roofing material. The choice fell on plants suitable in quality characteristics and quite common in the area. Naturally, the natural material received free of charge was in most cases demanded by the poorest strata of the population. However, to especially complain about the quality of such roofs is simply a sin. Neatly laid with a thick layer of straw or other materials of plant origin perfectly coped with the tasks, protecting the house from wind, cold and heat, snow and rain.
Content:
- Thatched roof - environmentally friendly building materialvideo
- Procurement of materials video
- Shear tying options
- A house with a thatched roof - the procedure for roofing
- How to lay reeds on roofs with a low angle of inclination
- Heather roof
Thatched roof - environmentally friendly building material
With the development of the construction industry, thatched roofs began to be used less and less, in the middle of the 20th century they became rare in European countries, such exotic building materials were used only by African or island tribes, leading a separate lifestyle.
Nevertheless, after many years, interest in roofs made of straw and other natural materials has arisen again, but the adherents of this material are now far from the inhabitants of villages and poor neighborhoods, but rather wealthy people who can afford life in ideal, environmentally friendly conditions.
The construction of one square meter of such a roof will cost an amount exceeding a hundred euros.
The only thing that has changed is the actual option using straw.
Since it belongs to the materials relatively short-lived, its life is about half a century, today in most cases they prefer expensive imported cane.
Among the positive qualities of thatched roofs should be noted:
- the purity of the material, its environmental friendliness, the ability to maintain an atmosphere in the house that is favorable for people's lives,
- the ability to retain heat perfectly, according to the heat-saving characteristics, thatched roof can compete with the latest, most high-quality and expensive roofing materials,
- even a 30-cm layer of vegetation does not create much pressure on the walls of structures, it is only 40 kg / sq.m,
- the ability to withstand adverse weather conditions, in order to increase resistance to moisture, roofing materials today are customarily treated with water-repellent impregnations,
- thatched roof does not require the arrangement of hydro- and vapor barrier systems.
As for fire safety, modern flame retardant impregnations almost completely eliminate the possibility of a thatched roof igniting, moreover, they are impregnated both externally and internally.
In the old days, only rye straw was used as roofing material, today designers began to pay attention to other herbaceous plants:
- timothy
- fescue
- reed,
- foxtail.
Reed, reeds, heather, whose dimensions and sufficiently flexible stems still make it possible to create a high-quality coating, are still relevant.
The best option is to lay the reed on a regular gable roof, but the flexibility of the material allows it to be used on roofs of complex configuration, such as hip, multi-gable or tented. At the same time, it should not be allowed that the value of the structural break exceeds 20 degrees.
For laying the roof layer, a rafter system with a crate is constructed, capable of withstanding loads of about 35 kg per sq.m. For crates, it is recommended to use a bar 40x60 or 50x50 mm, the laying step should be 30 cm.
Since the roofing layer has a sufficiently large thickness and water flow is not the same as when using a conventional roof, gutters are not installed, it is advisable to consult roofing masters with regard to sewage equipment.
As a rule, the use of a thatched roof involves the construction of a linear drainage system along the blind area, and sewage is discharged into storm sewers.
Roofing should be done taking into account the need for windows, a chimney, and ventilation pipes. All these points should be taken into account when preparing the project.
Procurement of materials
If you decide to build a thatched roof with your own hands, then first of all you will have to prepare a sufficient amount of material.
To cut off the plants, you need a sickle or an old knife, you can put notches on its blade, they will help to cut the stems.
The best time to harvest reeds is in the middle of summer when the weather is dry and hot.
In the same period, you can harvest other field herbs and cereals, they will be needed as an auxiliary material.
Thatched roof can be made from barley, rye or wheat stalks, but they will have to be threshed manually.
Straw sheaves, binder options
Sheaf garter can be done in different ways.
Most often, wire firmware is used.
Perform it with a special needle, threading a strong thin wire into the eye.
If the roof will simultaneously serve as the ceiling of the structure, then the work will be easier to do together, one of the workers will thread the needle from the outside - the other - being under the roof.
If the ceiling was built separately, and there is no access to the roof from the inside, then you will have to use a rounded needle with rings, a wire will be attached to them.
A simpler method is fastening with wire and screws, this option does not require strapping under the roof.
Fastening the wire to the screws is done in advance, one person will be able to cope with the work.
If the strength of the crate allows - you can use the firmware option with nails.
The work is performed using special nails sharp on one side and curved in the form of a hook on the other.
Nails are used in different sizes:
- 200 mm - for fixing the cornice,
- 250 mm - to the middle of the roof,
- 300 mm - from the middle.
As a decorative finish, firmware can be used with constrictions from wire or a bamboo stem.
A house with a thatched roof - the procedure for roofing
sheaf preparation
It should be noted right away that this work is not easy and requires patient implementation of all the instructions of the masters. Before you start roofing, prepare the material - sheaves.
For their knitting using straw jhut, called bind.
The roof will have a neat appearance only if the sheaves are the same in size. The traditional measure when knitting sheaves is a handful, a sheaf of normal size for a roof of a house should contain from 8 to 10 handfuls of straw, but if shelter is done for a gazebo or a veranda, then 4-5 handfuls will be enough.
Bunches of straw are prepared and laid out on the site, then they are knitted with moistened jars, and when dried, they pull the straws together even harder.
Shelter work is recommended to be done in clear, calm weather. To simplify the process, experienced craftsmen slightly moisten the roofing material with water.
eave laying
Begin work from the bottom row, called the eave.
Sheaves can be used conventional or specially knitted more durable doubles, their more snug fit will allow you to get a beautiful in appearance, different lower strength edge.
It is desirable to carry out roofing work with an assistant or two - this will greatly speed up the process.
For example, one of the assistants can prepare sheaves - they will need to be laid on a solid foundation, you can use a large table so that the butt part hangs over its edge, then comb with a plank with stuffed nails.
Such a procedure will help to remove various random trash from the sheaf, and especially defective straws. As a result of tapping the end of the sheaf with a special spatula, its final alignment takes place, the material thus prepared can be fed to the roof.
Sheaves submitted by assistants to the roof, as far as possible, fit snugly onto the roof crate.
Particular attention should be paid to laying the first row - it should be perfectly smooth, because the entire roof will be laid out on the first row.
Experts recommend using a stretched rope as a guide; you can also pre-mark the roof.
It is not difficult to calculate the required number of sheaves for the first row - it is enough to count how many sheaves will be needed for laying on 1 running meter, multiply the resulting number by the length of the perimeter of the house.
features of laying and fixing subsequent rows
For masonry of the second and subsequent rows, unbound sheaves are used, for their fixation, special slats are attached, and the slats are fixed to the base of the roof with birch or willow rods.
Modern roofers also allow the use of aluminum wire as a mounting material.
When using reed as a roofing material under reed sheaves, a layer of meadow cereals is covered, this will provide increased strength and reliability of the roof.
The second row of sheaves is laid in such a way that they completely overlap the hangers on the sheaves that create the eaves.
Coverage is performed symmetrically along two slopes of the roof, otherwise overload may occur on one side.
After completing this stage of work, the roof surface is quite uneven, but it looks very picturesque.
Sometimes designers give preference to such an artistic mess and leave everything in its original form.
But the traditional version involves leveling the material using a special board, on one side of which there are special cutouts, on the other - stuffed nails.
Comb the roof with nails, combing the ends of the sheaves periodically, the process continues until the surface is level and the steps on it are level.
In more detail we will consider this process on video:
skate design
The design of the skate completes the work.
If the roof is gable, then upon reaching its top they begin to bend the roofing material through the ridge, perform this procedure alternately, on each side.
The material is fixed on the ridge with the help of chains, which are essentially knocked together poles of the same length, connected by pins threaded into the holes prepared in each link.
The chains are assembled on the ground, then they are served on the roof and laid on the ridge.
Using prigtu chains tightly pressed to the roof slopes.
In Scotland and England, clay and dry heather are used to form the ridge.
In the Netherlands, it is customary to draw a skate using natural tiles. On top of the ridge, the masters recommend pulling a wire mesh - otherwise the birds will constantly settle on the house.
After a year of operation, it is desirable to seal the roofing material and comb again.
Also, during operation, it will be necessary to periodically remove leaves or twigs falling from nearby trees - contamination of the roof surface with organic residues will ultimately lead to the appearance of vegetation on it - moss or grass.
In the formation of conical or tent roofs, it will be necessary to put a cone constructed of birch bark or tin sheet on their top.
Sometimes a large sheaf is used to complete roofs of this shape, setting it so that the panicles of plants look down.
To strengthen the sheaf, it is bandaged with flexible twigs or a piece of wire, then fixed on the arch.
Of course, to do such work with your own hands, without sufficient experience and practical skills, is quite difficult. The process of training masters lasts several years, during which time they constantly improve their knowledge.
How to lay reeds on roofs with a low angle of inclination
Traditionally, thatch covers high roofs, in which the angle of inclination of the slopes is about 35 degrees.
But you can apply this roofing material on low roofs, with an angle of inclination of about 6-7 degrees.
Of course, the technology for creating a roofing will be completely different:
- the crate in this case will require a continuous,
- reed material should be laid in an even 10 centimeter layer, roots down,
- a layer of dry soil is applied to the reed layer, rammed it,
- the resulting surface is lubricated with a mixture of straw, clay and water.
The approximate consumption of material with this option of roofing will be:
- 3-4 kg of chopped straw
- 0.04 cubic meters of clay,
- 0.4 cubic meters of soil
- 10-12 kg of reeds.
According to this technology, it is also possible to lay a roof with a slope of 30-40 degrees, but some features should be taken into account.
Start work by soaking in the clay solution of reeds, the process takes a week.
The roof crate will not need to be made continuous, its step may be 35-40 cm.
Soaked sheaves are laid starting from the eaves to the ridge, but you can stack them in vertical rows.
To create one square meter of such a coating, 0.03 cubic meters of clay and 20 kg of reed material will be required.
Heather roof
In the original way, heather roofs that are completely unique in modern times are created.
Straw made from dry heather has traditionally been used in construction in the highlands and foothills of England and Scotland.
Since the branches of heather are blown by the wind, it was necessary to lay them on a layer of peat turf that was previously laid on a continuous crate.
When knitting pegs from heather branches, rosehip branches were added.
To strengthen such a natural plant carpet, a clay solution is used. The service life of such a roof is about 20-30 years.
But with careful attention and careful restoration, even such a roof can last a considerable time, in the photo you can see an old house with such a roof.
Of course, today it is unlikely that any of the homeowners will conceive to build a roof from heather, but it should be noted that this plant is increasingly appearing in household plots.
It is now in trend with landscape designers who appreciated the exquisite beauty and the ability to organically write out in different garden styles.
Heather, the description of which speaks of unpretentiousness, ease of care and high decorative qualities, is quickly gaining popularity among amateur gardeners.
