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Raspberries: planting, growing, feeding and care
Raspberry, this is a plant that not one gardener can miss. The shrub is quite demanding, but its valuable qualities, the widespread use of berries and leaves are an excellent payment for the effort. However, do not be afraid, in fact, growing and caring for raspberries is not so difficult and each of us can cope with this task.
Content:
- Soil requirements
- Varieties of raspberries
- Raspberry - landing care video
- Raspberry pruning video
- Raspberry dressing
- Raspberry Pests
- Raspberry disease
Soil requirements
To begin with, determine the place where raspberry bushes will be planted, ideally, this is the southeast or southwest side. The soil should not be alkaline (preferably slightly acidic - pH 5.5-6.5), sandy or marshy, moisture can contribute to the development of diseases and freezing.
Raspberry cultivation is not recommended where potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers, wheatgrass, alfalfa and clover used to grow. If the site was previously infected with viral diseases, planting raspberries is acceptable no earlier than 5 years after the removal of plants.
You can plant a plant in early spring or autumn, but spring is preferable, so a young plant will have time to take root, grow stronger and not die during the first frosts. Before planting, the soil should be prepared to clear the area of \u200b\u200bweeds, dig up the soil and mix with manure or compost (30 kg per 10 m2). The soil under yellow-fruited raspberries cannot be dug up, in this case it is slightly loosened.
Varieties of raspberries
Raspberry varied varieties, the choice is due to the preferences of the gardener and disease resistance. Seedlings are acquired after a thorough examination, they should be with a well-developed root system without signs of disease.
Experienced growers can guarantee that the bushes are healthy and the soil where they grew is not infected with anything. Briefly about the best varieties of raspberries:
Polesie - An early variety, characterized by large, sweet berries of a dark red color. Resistant to disease.
Coral - medium-ripening variety, abundant fruiting, good frost resistance.
Glade - refers to the late varieties of raspberries, gives a crop in the first year of planting, requires good shelter for the winter.
Weasel - early variety, resistant to disease, medium-sized berries.
Kuzmina News - An early variety, resistant to frost and disease, but average productivity.
Varieties of raspberries with yellow berries: yellow giant, yellow dessert, amber, apricot, sweetened.
Raspberry - landing care
It is recommended to plant shrubs along the fence, if this is not possible, provide support for long stems with an extended wire between the bushes and rows. The distance from the bush to the bush is 50 cm, between rows 1, 5 - 2.0 m, the height of the seedling when planting is no more than 10-15 cm from the ground, if necessary, the bushes are cut.
If raspberries are planted in the fall, do not forget to protect the roots from freezing with a layer of straw, especially for less hardy foreign varieties.
After planting, in the first year, raspberries will show good growth, but there will be no berries yet, fruiting will have to wait until next year. Raspberries do not like too wet or arid summers, for this reason, perhaps, planting it undercover, for example in partial shade of trees.
Raspberry pruning
Raspberries need annual pruning twice a year - in summer and autumn, the removal of young branches and dry shoots improves the growth and productivity of the bush. After picking berries, the shoots, which were ovary-like, begin to fade and dry, they are cut to improve the next crop.
Also, it is necessary to prevent excessive thickening of shrubs, in the fall once a year, remove part of the annual root shoots, leaving only the strongest, then reduce their height by 1/4 of the total length.
Raspberry dressing
Every 2-3 years at the beginning of spring or autumn, the area with raspberries is fertilized with manure or compost. Once a year, feeding raspberries in the spring includes only nitrogen (20-40 g per 10 m2), and in the autumn shrubs are watered with a mixture of potassium salts (20-40 g) and superphosphate (15-20 g). It is worth noting that the varieties of yellow raspberries have slightly different requirements for feeding, for example, ash is added to manure (1.5 kg per 10 m2).
When feeding, it is important to take into account the type of soil in the raspberry patch, for this it is advisable to perform a chemical analysis. This is very important because an excess of potassium reduces the ability of plants to absorb calcium and magnesium. When chemical analysis is not possible, pay attention to plants growing near the raspberry plot, some of them indicate good, fertile soil, such as valerian, celandine, nettle, meadowsweet, sour.
If reddish-purple leaves are found on a shrub, this indicates a lack of phosphorus, this component is better absorbed by foliar feeding (through leaves, spraying).
Raspberry Pests
Decreased yields, yellow leaves and even the death of shrubs - these are signs of infection or damage by pests. As a rule, insects are the main source of the disease, almost always these pests can be found on infected bushes.
Larvae of beetles, mulberries, aphids, caterpillars and ticks are the main list of dangerous insects; they feed on the leaves and berries of the plant, damaging them and making it impossible to give a good crop. Pest control is limited to spraying with specialized means before flowering or budding of buds.
Raspberry disease
Of the viral diseases, it is worth noting the dwarfism of raspberries, a mosaic of raspberries and chlorosis. As already mentioned, they are transmitted by insects, and shrubs can be infected through the seeds of other plants. Fighting viral diseases is impossible, the only way out is to remove infected shrubs and burn them.
Diseases such as raspberry anthracnose, gray mold, rust, and white spotting are bacterial. Their treatment is possible by removing the affected parts or spraying.
