A beautiful house, the facade of which is often made of wood, and many details that give a beautiful view to the house, the design of terraces and other structures, are made using wood. Wooden arbors add beauty to the site. All this requires protection from the effects of the atmosphere.

Content

1. General information
2. Wood protection  video
3. First step: cleaning
4. Second stage: rehabilitation and special protection
5. Stage Three: Surface Leveling
6. Fourth stage: basic finish
   • five rules of stain
7. Fifth Stage: Finishing
   • types of varnish
   • choose paint
8. Useful Tips  video

General information

Since a tree is a living organism, it has a whole range of physical and chemical properties. Any living organism, over time, loses its vitality, aging.

All the disadvantages of wood are:

porosity, with increased humidity, it collects water and holds it inside, the water evaporates gradually and unevenly and this causes cracking, leads to warpage of the tree;

flammability;

susceptibility to bio-contamination, such as fungi, rot, microalgae;

the tree is affected by parasitic insects;

collapses under the influence of ultraviolet radiation;

oxidation (loss of appearance due to contact with oxygen contained in the air).

Since ancient times, when people began to build houses of wood, they are trying to defend themselves from these misfortunes. In modern conditions, practice, we came to the conclusion that, best of all, paints and varnishes cope with these shortcomings.

Wood protection

Hydrophobic coatings help protect against moisture. flame retardants help reduce flammability, in case of bio-infection - they are impregnated with antiseptics, in case of defeat by insect pests, the tree is treated with biocides (insecticides), from destruction, under the influence of the sun, the tree is coated with an impregnation with ultraviolet-protective properties, with the loss of the appearance of the tree from oxidation, brighteners help.

In the old days, all wooden structures were oiled and painted with oil paint of various tones. With modern construction, this is irrelevant. Currently, a huge range of materials is being produced for every taste and, accordingly, a wallet. The use of high-quality wood preservation compounds not only prolongs its life, but, like the action of multivitamins on human health, preserves the health of wood. Each owner must understand that any structure on its site requires constant monitoring and attention.

Wood processing should be regular, i.e. protection needs to be updated from time to time. The frequency of updates is always specified in the instructions that accompany the protective composition and depends on the nature of the protective composition and the operating conditions of the house. For example, impregnations penetrate into the wood to a greater depth than paint or varnish, which means that they will have to cover the surface less often. The whole process of protecting a tree can be divided into five stages.

First step: cleaning

Before proceeding with the processing of wooden surfaces, it is necessary to prepare them.

The wood must be thoroughly cleaned of the remnants of the old coating, from pollution. Repair if necessary. Ideally, it should be dry and clean.

Second stage: rehabilitation and special protection

When revealing on the surface of a tree places affected by a fungus, it is necessary to treat them with an antiseptic. Basically, manufacturers produce water-soluble compounds.

The antiseptic must be applied to the surface from the bottom up, after the surface is completely dry, it must be thoroughly washed with plenty of water using a brush, accompanied by vigorous movements from top to bottom, let it dry again. After making sure that there is no mold on the surface, you can go to the primer, it should have antiseptic properties. The second stage of wood processing, and provides protection in the form of impregnation with flame retardants (flame retardant). After this, the surface cannot be mechanically treated, since the protective layer is destroyed.

Stage Three: Surface Leveling

All cracks, chips and knots are closed with a special putty, gently rubbing the composition, after which the wood is primed, when the primer is closed, the pores of the tree are closed, thereby protecting the surface, leading to better adhesion (sticking) of the paint or other finish coating.

Many primers perfectly mask knots and small cracks. Note that the primer should not impair the vapor permeability of the tree. Experts advise choosing a paint and primer of the same color and one manufacturer.

Fourth stage: basic finish

The product is covered with stain. Stain, a special liquid that gives the wood the desired shade. Since different fibers of the board, when applying stains, absorb the composition with different intensities - the natural pattern of wood is better manifested.

Stains are oil and synthetic. The more loose and porous the wood, the deeper the stain is absorbed. The use of stains improves the decorative appearance of products, in addition to this stain has a pronounced antimicrobial effect.

Five rules of staining.

First, when stained, the surface must be clean and fat-free, otherwise the composition is absorbed unevenly and stains form.

The second, cleaned surface, if necessary, can be sanded along the fibers.

Third, the stain is applied with a brush, movements should be continuous and along the fibers. To achieve the best shade, two layers are applied.

Fourth, in order to determine the final color, which will appear after the composition has completely dried, it is necessary to make a test color on a piece of the same breed that is intended for staining.

Fifth, since conifers do not absorb stain well, they need to be tarred. To do this, use white spirit, or a 25% solution of technical acetone. You can prepare the solution yourself, for this they are taken (in grams): hot water-1000; drinking soda-50; potage-50; soap flakes-40; alcohol-10; acetone-200. at the beginning, the surface is desalted with a hot solution, then washed with clean water and dried.

Fifth Stage: Finishing

After priming and applying the stain (they only primer under the paint, the stain is not applied) and the base compositions are completely dry, the time comes for the materials for coating - varnish and paint.

types of varnish

The varnish emphasizes the wood texture, protects the surface from moisture and ultraviolet radiation.

Currently, manufacturers offer matte, semi-gloss and glossy varnishes. They are transparent and tinted.

choose paint

For wood finishing, three varieties of paints are used, determined depending on the binder composition: alkyd, acrylate and oil.

Oil paints are made on natural linseed oil, and alkyd paints are produced on the basis of alkyd resins.

These paints are well absorbed into the wood, create a coating of sufficient density, well protect the facade from moisture. However, the alkyd coating, when exposed to air and sunlight, cracks and burns out.

Acrylic paints are produced on the basis of water-acrylate dispersions; they are good for everyone: they are environmentally friendly, weather-resistant, they retain color perfectly, but such a coating peels off over time, as it is poorly absorbed into wood. But there is a solution: acrylic paints must be applied to the soil on an alkyd binder.

Useful Tips

All paints and varnishes for woodwork, have some kind of protective properties designed for finishing.

By density, they are divided into opaque (completely hiding the drawing - paints) and transparent (varnishes, stains, oils, waxes). When choosing transparent coatings for facade decoration, keep in mind that such coatings last 3-5 years and opaque coatings last from 8 to 15 years.

Author: Sergey and Svetlana Khuentsov

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