How to plant and prune a fruit tree
Each on the plot has fruit plantings, if not, then with the advent of the season we will purchase one or another sort of fruit trees for planting, and not everyone knows how to pick and plant correctly, due to the lack of certain knowledge, experience and skills.
With the advent of spring, many begin to think about where to start, how to choose a breed, variety and how to place them correctly. The specific ratio of breeds and varieties depends on the size of the infield and its location.
It should be remembered that fruit trees have been growing in one place for many years, and mistakes made during placement and planting are sometimes difficult to correct.
When obtaining an individual plot, it is important to know where the new construction of the house, other utility buildings, and the place of the future garden will be.
It's no secret that many build houses, mansions of large size and practically there is little land left for planting fruit plantations.
In view of this, trees are placed closely, thinking at the same time it is most advantageous to use the land area, and get large yields.
The calculation of this is incorrect.
In crowded places, trees obscure each other, sometimes there is not enough nutrition, branches stretch upward, become competitors, unstable and easily break when fruiting under the weight of the fruit.
With the proper placement of fruit trees, they grow faster and better resist adverse environmental conditions, more durable and give a plentiful harvest.
Therefore, it is necessary to think carefully about the future place of the garden in advance, so that on the one hand the area can be used as efficiently as possible. plot, and on the other hand to place it correctly, without interfering with each other placement can be done in several ways.
Square when the distance between the trees is equal to the distance between the rows. Rectangular when the distance between the trees is less than between the rows.
Chess, when each tree is placed against the middle of the gap between two trees of the adjacent row. The first two options are considered the most successful in mechanized processing. The third option is chess, which makes it possible to use the site more efficiently. With a chess planting, you can plant trees more by 14-16% than in the first two versions.
In small household plots, the third option is more profitable.
The planting pattern may be different, depending on the breeds and varieties.
Varieties must be selected zoned to local conditions.
All fruit plantations according to the ripening dates of the fruits are divided into three groups: summer, autumn - and winter.
It is better to plant all three varieties, in approximately the same ratio, one or two summer trees, one or two autumn, 6-8 winter trees, in order to extend the ripening and consumption of fresh fruits.
When selecting varieties, it is necessary to take into account that fruit trees are self-fertile and self-infertile. Self-fertile varieties tie fruit when pollinated with their own pollen, and self-fertile only when pollinated with pollen of another variety.
Typically, pome varieties are self-infertile. Therefore, it is impossible to limit oneself to one variety, they either do not bear fruit at all, or give an insignificant crop.
Now, what you need to know about seedlings when buying?
When choosing planting material (seedlings), you should pay attention to its quality. The barrel must be smooth, smooth, shiny and not have any damage. A standard seedling should be at least 120 cm high and 1.5–2 cm thick.
After delivery of seedlings, they are immediately planted in a permanent place or temporarily drip in a humid place.
Trees are planted in spring and autumn. In the spring before budding, in the fall before the onset of frost. With autumn planting, survival is better. Who did not have time this spring, there is time in the fall. Planting fruit seedlings is the most important job.
The success of survival, further growth, development and fruiting depends on a proper planting. To avoid drying out of the roots, they are dipped in a liquid, thick dung-clay mash made from two parts of mullein and one part of clay.
CUT
Trimming - quite a difficult operation, the most responsible. The formation of the tree itself depends on the correct initial pruning.
Pruning of trees is done annually throughout the entire period of the existing garden, and not from case to case. During this operation, mistakes are often made.
After planting, a tree is immediately cut off so that the future crown is formed, the balance of the underground and aboveground parts is restored. In the initial period, it is important for regulating water and nutrients in the aerial parts during spring planting.
Pruning is carried out in the fall after leaf fall and in the spring before the sap flow begins. In spring they begin, when the return of cold weather has passed, there is no danger of severe frosts.
First, older trees are pruned, and then young. Pruning can be moderate, weak, strong depending on the condition of the tree.
During the summer, the soil around the seedling must be kept in a clean, loose state, to combat pests and diseases, the future of the garden depends on this.
