Pillars for a fence in a summer cottage - how to choose, install. Instruction manual
The fence is an integral element of landscape design. It also serves as the hallmark of your home. The fence should fit well with the concept of the house and the entire plot. Today, the fence carries more aesthetic functions than security. As they say they meet by clothes, so here the fence represents the owner of the house.
Table of contents
Choose the material for the fence
The choice of the future fence should be well combined with the materials already used in the construction of the house and other buildings. When choosing material for the construction of the fence, an important point is its service life. For example, a wooden fence will cost less than a metal fence, but caring for it is much more difficult. Permanent painting or varnishing, service lines is limited to 15-20 years, while the metal will last 20 years before the first service.
But the master lord, what you like, then install. We will conditionally divide all the fences into two large groups: light fences do not require a foundation for the fence, have a relatively small weight; heavy fences require mandatory installation of the foundation, have a lot of weight.
Since the division is conditional, most of the enclosing materials used to install the fences can be seen in both categories.
tree
Traditionally in Russia, wood was used to create fences. It still firmly takes its place. A wooden fence is attractive in appearance, in almost all cases fits well into the environment. Together with the traditional picket fence, many other species appeared:
- picket;
- deaf picket;
- horizontal chess;
- vertical chess;
- jalousie;
- blinds from uncut boards;
- country.
Coniferous lumber is mainly used as a fence board. The wood must be impregnated with antiseptic materials to prevent the appearance of rot and parasites. Any coating of the fence, be it varnish or paint, must be regularly updated to maintain the aesthetic properties of the fence. This is probably the biggest drawback of such a facility is constant care.
Wood is well combined with most building materials used in the construction of fences, such as metal, stone, brick and concrete. In most cases, complements and adds elegance to the fence.
The board is used both for light fences (picket fence on wooden poles), and for heavy fences with a foundation tape, brick or stone pillars and forging elements.
a rock
A material that has served for centuries. This is power that you enjoy watching. A stone fence is a sign of prosperity and taste of its owner.
Designers also do not sit still. There are more and more projects in which the stone is harmoniously combined with brick, forged elements and polycarbonate.
brick
A variety of colors and decor allowed this material to occupy a leading position in the construction of fences. It goes well with all building materials. Very often, pillars and a base for a fence shield are built from brick. As a fence shield, corrugated board, wood, forged sections, cellular polycarbonate are used.
concrete
Modern material that can take on various architectural forms. Concrete fences are distinguished by a variety of styles and designs, a large color scheme. Many ready-made solutions have provided popularity for this type of fencing. There are also manufacturing companies that develop the concrete fence shape individually for each customer.
metal
Metal is widely used in the construction of fences. It is used for fences with forging elements and fences, in which sheet metal acts as a fence. The same mesh netting is made of metal. A sheet metal fence will be cheaper than stone or brick.
plastics
PVC are used for the construction of small fences. In most cases, they are used as internal partitions, and can also be found as external fencing.
Cellular polycarbonate is also used for the construction of fences. The advantage of the material is the ability to leave the area lit as much as possible. Polycarbonate perfectly transmits light. At the same time, the material cannot be called anti-vandal, it is easy to damage even a child. Use as an external fence must be wisely.
Fence posts
Having selected the main material for the construction of the fence, the choice of pillars will be limited to the main material of the fence. Let's look at some of the options, and how they will fit together.
Determine which fence you need light or heavy.
light fences
Wooden poles are used in front gardens and for mounting a picket fence. The service life of such poles is limited and it is not recommended to use them for external fencing. In addition, they require constant care.
For installation on the site of the option of an easy fence, metal pipes of round or profile section are well suited. The cross-beams are attached to the posts by welding or bolting, the required fence, chain-link, picket fence, profiled sheet, PFH, polycarbonate is installed on the cross-members or on the posts. For convenience and increased installation speed, the industry offers the use of screw piles.
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The blade of the pile is designed in such a way as to compact the soil during twisting. Piles up to 2500 mm long can be twisted manually without the use of special equipment. The effort of four people is enough to install the pile. The industry produces piles with a length of 1000-6000mm and a diameter of 50-170mm. A wide range of products gives great advantages in working with them.
For light fences also set:
- concrete poles;
- asbestos-cement pipes;
- stepsons.
The difficulty of working with the last two did not bring them much distribution. At the same time, concrete poles and decorative stacked poles are used to install concrete fences.
Concrete fences can be classified as light if the foundation tape is not used during the installation of the fence, and only concrete is pillared.
Fences with decorative stacked pillars are erected on a foundation tape and are classified as heavy fences.
heavy fences
When constructing fences from heavy materials such as stone and brick, it is necessary to erect an appropriate foundation. Its main function is the redistribution of loads, protection of the fence from heaving forces, which must be taken into account to avoid distortions and rupture of the fence tape. The strip foundation for the fence is selected based on the properties and composition of the soil on the ground, as well as on the depth of freezing of the soil.
Installation of posts under the fence
The first thing to know before installing the fence is the composition of the soil on your site. There are two categories of soils:
- heaving;
- non-porous.
To heaving soils include clay, loam, slurry, fine and dusty soils, to non-porous rocky and sandy soils.
If there is heaving soil on your site, then for each pillar or foundation tape it is necessary to implement drainage. To do this, a sand and gravel cushion is made, which will allow excess moisture to go into the soil without causing destruction of the fence itself. Non-porous soils do not require such operations.
installation of metal and concrete poles
When choosing the pillars for the fence, remember that they must withstand the load created by the fence shield and the wind load. The distance between the pillars should be chosen based on the size of the fence section. It should be noted that the length of one section should not exceed 3000mm, and the width of the standard profiled sheet, depending on the manufacturer, is 1150-1200mm. To prevent metal corrosion, it must be coated with a special paint.
The method of installation of the column depends on the design of the fence and the properties of the soil. Concreting pillars is well suited to stable, non-saturated soils. With this installation method, a hole is drilled, a pole is installed, the rest of the space is poured with concrete. For columns up to 1500 mm high, the depth of the hole should be 500 mm. According to the recommendations of experts, the depth of the column is up to 1/3 of its length. There are several ways to install pillars:
- driving in soil;
- combined installation;
- buting;
- full concreting.
concrete fence installation
The installation of a concrete fence also starts from the corner of the site. Two columns are installed at an angle. Pillar holes are drilled or dug. Recommended installation depth is 700-9000mm. For heaving soils not less than 1200mm. The pillar is mounted on a gravel pillow. During the installation of the column, it is covered with gravel and rammed to 350-500 mm below the soil level. To compact gravel, it is covered with coarse-grained sand from above and watered with water. The top 400 mm are concreted. When installing fence plates, a gap between the bottom fence plate and the soil should be at least 30-40 mm.
There are two ways to install a fence:
- installation of all posts installation of plates;
- post installation + plate installation + post installation +
In the first case, it is necessary to raise the fence plates to the full height of the entire fence. Which is hard physically. Also in this case, it is necessary to accurately maintain the distance between the posts, otherwise the section will either not fit or fall out of the grooves of the column.
In the second case, a support pole is installed. All sections of the fence are installed in the groove of the column and the second column is pulled over the installed sections and fixed. Sections are aligned in vertical and horizontal planes.
installation of heavy fences
The installation of heavy fences must be carried out on a monolithic reinforced strip foundation. A reliable and properly made foundation will guarantee many years of operation of the fence, protect it from distortions and cracks.
The parameters of the tape for the foundation are selected based on what materials will be used for the construction of the fence. But there are necessary rules that must be followed:
- depth of the tape 300-800mm, depending on the material of the fence
- compulsory gravel and sand cushion for organizing drainage and protection against heaving forces;
- reinforcing the foundation with reinforcement with a cross section of 10-12 mm. The fittings must be knitted, it is not advisable to cook the fittings.
- in the places of installation of the pillars, the depth of the foundation is increased to 1200 mm.
- when pouring the foundation and pillar bases use concrete grade M200 not lower.
To make the fence pleasing to the eye and become a reliable protection around the house and not a rickety design, you should carefully consider the choice of materials at all stages of work.
