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Currants: new high-yielding varieties, preservation of plantings of currants in winter
Over the past ten years, significant progress has been observed in the selection of red and black currants. The productivity of a number of varieties has increased, tastes and medicinal properties have improved, as well as increased resistance of currants to frost, some diseases and pests.
Consider the characteristics of the best varieties of currants and describe in detail how to organize a wintering for a fruit shrub in order to maintain its high yield for the future period.
Content
- Requirements for new varieties of currants and stages of their breeding video
- High-yielding and industrial varieties of currant
- The best varieties of black currant
- Red currant: varieties and their description
- Preparing currants for winter video
Requirements for new varieties of currants and stages of their breeding
Breeders annually develop new varieties of black and red currants, trying to make the plant superior to its predecessors in economically useful qualities.
Each time, before breeding, an ideal model is determined that has all the desired properties:
- high productivity;
- large-fruited;
- rich in vitamin C;
- frost resistance;
- pleasant taste;
- drought tolerance;
- resistance to pests and diseases;
- resistance to spring (return) frosts;
- different ripening dates.
After establishing the basic parameters of the plant, the breeder proceeds to the selection of parental forms of the genetic basis of the future variety. This stage of work can take one to three years, during which time the breeder propagates the desired parental form vegetatively, plants it in the collection and studies the results of fruiting.
All the main characteristics of currants are transmitted only during vegetative propagation (cuttings, layering and dividing the bush)
The next stage in the breeding of a new variety is crossing (hybridization) allows you to combine the hereditary traits of two parent forms. An amateur gardener can also cross-breed.
Purposeful hybridization consists in artificial pollination, as a result of which fruits containing seeds with hereditary information from the father and mother plant grow. Seeds of ripened fruits are collected, dried and sown on beds. Next year, hybrid seedlings of new varieties of currants are ready for cultivation and reproduction.
Judging about the advantages and disadvantages of hybrid seedlings is possible only after several years, having harvested, evaluating taste characteristics, resistance to temperature fluctuations, diseases and pests.
If the plant meets the stated requirement, then proceed to the next stage of the primary variety study. A sufficient number of hybrid specimens of currant are planted (15-30 pieces), propagating them vegetatively, and a comparative assessment is carried out with a standard (zoned) variety for three to five years. Distinguish the distinctive features of a hybrid variety and conduct a state variety test, according to the results of which a new variety is assigned a name, and is allowed to be used outside the country.
High-yielding and industrial varieties of currant
The main requirements that are put before industrial varieties of currants are as follows:
- high productivity;
- good presentation;
- environmental plasticity;
- manufacturability of products;
- high resistance to pests, diseases;
- the possibility of machine harvesting;
- high transportability.
It should be noted that industrial varieties of currants can be grown in household plots and cottages, because they are often less demanding for care. However, their taste may be inferior to dessert, large-fruited and sweet varieties of currant.
The varieties of black currant, characterized by high productivity include:
- Gift of Smolyaninova flowers and ovary are formed early on the currant; berries are large and sweet (up to 4.5 g), universal purpose. The variety is resistant to powdery mildew, kidney mite, anthracnose. The yield of the variety is about 2.5 kg / bush.
- Charm average maturity; fruits are fragrant, sweet and sour medium size (up to 2.0 g). The variety is practically not affected by the appearance of powdery mildew, is technologically advanced and has a stable yield (1.5 kg / bush).
- Venus average maturity; large fruits (up to 5.7 g) have a sweet taste. It has good frost resistance and high productivity (up to 5.1 kg / bush), rarely affected by powdery mildew, anthracnose.
- Rachel medium early maturity; medium-sized fruits (up to 2.2 g) have a pleasant aroma and sweet taste. Variety Rachel is highly winter-resistant, and its maximum yield is 3.3 kg from one bush. The shrub is almost not affected by a kidney tick.
- Pygmy refers to varieties with medium ripening; dessert (sweet) fruits have a very large form (up to 7.8 g). Pygmy variety is resistant to many diseases and pests, winter-hardy. Productivity varies from 1.6 to 5.6 kg per shrub.
Industrial high-yielding varieties of red currant:
- Dana late variety, having one-dimensional medium-sized berries (about 0.8 g). Yields on average 2.8 kg / bush, resistant to frost, immune to powdery mildew.
- Osipovskaya refers to the currant late ripening; medium berries (0.6 g), round or slightly flattened, sweet and sour taste. Productivity under favorable climatic conditions can reach 2.8 kg per bush. Red currants of this variety are sometimes affected by leaf spots.
- Ural beauty bred in 2009 and compares favorably with the rest in high rates: large berries (up to 1.8 g) with good dessert taste, winter hardiness, high productivity (varies from 3.4 to 15.5 kg / bush), resistance to major pests, currant diseases.
- Marmalade Maker late ripening; high gelling properties are inherent in the fruits (the size of the berries is about 0.7 g, the taste is sour). The average yield of 1.8 kg / bush. Currants are not susceptible to powdery mildew.
- Gift of the Eagle late variety, has medium and large berries (up to 2 g). Productivity is high 3.5 kg / bush. Long currant brushes are convenient for mechanized fruit assembly.
The best varieties of black currant
Early blackcurrant varieties
There are many varieties of blackcurrant early ripening. We will try to highlight some of the latest and most promising achievements of breeders.
Blackcurrant varieties Exotic obtained by crossing two varieties Seedling Doves and Bredthorpe. Shrub currant vigorous, but not too dense. The leaves are large, the axis of the brush with berries is straight, unhandled. Berries on the brush are densely arranged (about 10 pieces). 
The berries are quite large (2-2.6 g), have a sweet and sour taste, a thin, shiny skin. Productivity is average, about 1 kg per shrub.
The advantages of the variety include: frost resistance, size and manufacturability of fruits.
Grade Sybilbred in 2008, it is characterized by high winter hardiness, dessert taste of fruits and large berries (up to 5 g). The yield of Sibyl black currant averages 8 t / ha. 
The disadvantage of this variety is the low resistance of the plant to a tick.
New top grade Mriya of Kiev It has a stable average yield and is resistant to columnar rust, powdery mildew. The bush is medium-sized and slightly spreading. Large currant berries (4g) with a sweet and sour taste can be used both for further processing, freezing.
Blackcurrant Dessert
Dessert blackcurrant varieties are often used for processing (making jams, preserves and confectionery). Typically, these varieties have a high sugar content and a pleasant aroma.
Nestor Kozin - an early ripe blackcurrant variety, whose berries are sweet and fairly large 3-4.5 g (non-uniform). The bush is compact, the height is 1-1.5 m. The variety gives good productivity, starting from the second year after planting. The fruit shrub is resistant to diseases by anthracnose and powdery mildew is rarely affected. Winter tolerance and drought tolerance are high.
Blackcurrant variety Perun can also be classified as dessert, since its fruits have a pleasant aroma and high sugar content, the fruit size is about 2 g. The yield of the variety is average (1.5 kg / bush), the plant is resistant to spring frost and tolerates dry periods well. Lack of variety is very susceptible to powdery mildew.
Black currant Selechenskaya 2registered in 2004 has a lot of advantages. First of all, it has a great taste of berries (5 points), fruit size (5.5 g), high ascorbic acid content, and disease resistance. Productivity is good up to 2.8 kg / bush.
Large-fruited blackcurrant varieties
Often, gardeners and gardeners prefer to grow large-fruited currants, the varieties of which can be both early and medium-late ripening.
Among other large-fruited varieties, a medium-ripening variety must be distinguished Keen. Currant berries are one-dimensional, very large (5.5 g), have a plum shape. The taste of berries is slightly sour, refreshing. Productivity of a grade is up to 12 t / ha. Blackcurrant of this variety is resistant to frost, as well as to pests (mountain ash, bud mites). The disadvantages of the Core can be attributed to the rapid aging of the bush.
Dobrynya refers to varieties of medium ripening, but differs in very large fruits (6 g). In addition, the variety has good taste indicators (4.8 points) and has an aroma. The yield of the variety is average (1.6-2.4 kg / bush).
Large, one-dimensional fruits and boasts a variety of black currants Lucia. The weight of the fruit is up to 5.5 g. The yield of the variety is high (10 t / ha) and stable, but the shrubs quickly age and are demanding on agricultural technology.
Black currant varieties of medium and late ripening
Among medium late blackcurrant varieties, high yields differ Bagheera and Agatha. The average yield of Bagira is 12.0 t / ha, Agates - 11.0 t / ha (maximum 13.3 t / ha).
Berries Bagira are medium-sized (about 1.3 g), Agate has large fruits, weighing up to 3.8 g. The taste of berries of both varieties is sweet and sour. Varieties are winter-hardy, drought-resistant, relatively immune to powdery mildew, bud mites.
Bagheera variety is distinguished by good transportability and suitability for mechanized cultivation technology.
Red currant: varieties and their description
Early ripening redcurrant varieties
Among the best varieties of red currant, one can distinguish a variety that is characterized by a dessert, very sweet taste Pink pearls. Currant bush slightly spreading, but quite high. Small pink fruits weighing about 0.7 g can hang on branches for a long time and not deteriorate. Productivity of the variety is average. Pink pearls tolerate frosty winters well.
Cascade - large-fruited variety of early ripening, bred in the United States. The weight of the berries is about 1.4 g, the taste is sweet and sour, the length of the hands can reach 10 cm. Red currants of this variety are practically not affected by fungal diseases and are happy with their stable yield.
One of the new varieties of early ripening Niva has a good and stable yield of about 2.1 kg / bush. The average weight of berries is 0.7 g, the color of the fruit is bright red. The purpose is universal (fruits have good gelling properties). Lack of variety spring frosts can significantly damage the flowers and ovary of currant.
Varieties of redcurrant medium late ripening
High yields are inherent in medium-late ripening varieties: Ilyinka and Darling.
Ilyinka has large, one-dimensional berries, weighing up to 1.6 g with a pleasant sweet and sour taste. The yield of red currant in a favorable period is 5 kg / bush (average yield of 3 kg / bush). The plant is resistant to powdery mildew, but is occasionally affected by sawflies and anthracnose.
Despite the fact that the variety of red currant Darling appeared not so long ago, it has already managed to gain popularity among gardeners gardeners. The main advantages of the variety are: excellent yield (11.4 t / ha) and good winter hardiness. The plant is resistant to powdery mildew, but may be affected by leafy spots.
The healing properties of new varieties of red currant
Many of the new varieties of red currant have high bactericidal and medicinal properties. Decoctions and juice from fresh berries of red currant are useful for such diseases:
- food poisoning;
- atherosclerosis;
- rheumatism;
- anemia;
- diabetes.
In addition, red currant is used to strengthen capillaries, improve metabolism and general immunity, as well as an antipyretic. The vitamin complex contained in the berries neutralizes the effect of nitrates and helps to remove them from the body.
Preparing currants for winter
Currants are frost-resistant plants. Therefore, even if the currants were not given due attention during the autumn preparation period, then most likely the bush will overwinter safely. However, having carried out not difficult work and preparing currants for wintering, it will be possible to guarantee the safety of a high yield for the next year.
Stages of preparing red and black currants for winter:
- In the fall, before the onset of the first frosts, spraying the urea shrub (for 10 liters of water with 0.5 cup of urea) will prevent the development of fungal diseases.
- If necessary, trim the bush (old branches are removed).
- After a week, carry out additional processing with a weak solution of potassium permanganate (you need to spray the bush and the ground around the currant).
- Gently tie the bush with rope or twine, starting from the base. In this position, the currant bushes overwinter well and do not break under the weight of snow.
- The earth around the bush can be sprinkled with ash and sawdust.
- To increase frost resistance, the currant bush can be covered with dry leaves.
With the advent of spring, currants must be cleared of snow and leaves removed, and after a few days it will be possible to remove the rope.
