Installation of sewerage in a private house
By law, autonomous sewage systems can only be built with the permission of the SES. This is on paper. But in practice, the arrangement of the sewerage system is given to the owners of the plots themselves, each solves the problem in its own way. Shops and firms offer a variety of equipment, up to automatic systems that pump, disinfect and clarify domestic wastewater. But the price of such a miracle of technology and its installation is usually sky-high.
Content
Sewerage in a 2-storey building
1. sewer riser 2. toilet bowl 3. wash 4. bath 5. bath siphon 6. drain tank 7. ventilation hole 8. coupling to the wall 9. siphon
For those owners who cherish a penny, you can offer a commercially inexpensive option to equip sewers. For example, in a two-story house, provided that the bathrooms and toilets of the first and second floors are located in one corner, the polypropylene pipes for cold and hot water supply, the riser for draining sewage and sewage should be placed in the corner of the bathrooms of the first and second floors of the outer wall.
Use a standard plastic pipe with a diameter of 110 mm., Particular attention should be paid to fixing the riser to the wall and assembling the nodes to its connections with drain pipes from toilets and bathtubs.
Horizontal sections must be laid at an angle of 3 degrees, checking the level.
To accelerate the removal of solid waste, while reducing water consumption, it is advisable to mount the toilet drain pipes after the drain pipes from the bathroom and washbasin.
To withstand hydraulic shocks, when draining from the upper floor, installation must be done efficiently and accurately, it is advisable to insert from the second floor not at right angles, using various flatter corners, for example 45 degrees.
To clean the riser, several inspection couplings must be left.
After the drain line is led out through an opening in the foundation of the house, the slope of the pipe can be sharply reduced by inserting a corner of 15 degrees, then, up to the very entrance to the pit, maintain a slope of 2 - 3 degrees.
It is this slope that provides the most efficient transportation of feces with minimal water consumption.
The place under the pit must be chosen when the free access of the sewage machine is ensured.
The size of the cesspool is calculated from the number of people living in the house, given that for one person for wastewater a pit volume of 1.5-2 cubic meters is required.
If the soil in the area is sandy, well filtering and groundwater is deep, in this case the walls of the drain hole are made penetrating for liquid fractions of the drain, fixing them from collapse with brickwork. To do this, at the bottom of the pit, a foundation with a height of 20 centimeters is laid out on the perimeter, and laying on it is done on the floor of a brick or brick. Bricks are staggered, leaving windows 5 to 6 cm long. Do not touch the bottom of the pit.
Simple cesspool design
Of course, the scheme for laying sewer pipes on the site in each case will be individual.
We offer the option of mounting a cesspool as one of the possible ones.
Instead of the traditional cesspool, we dig in a trench three large (200 liters) barrels without a bottom, at a distance of 20-30 cm from each other, connect them together with a pipe (110 mm in diameter) at different levels:
- the first barrel at a depth of 15 cm from the surface of the earth
-second and third at a depth of 25 cm.
This design of a homemade septic tank allows you to filter out solid (insoluble) waste from liquid runoff fractions.
Over time, when the bottom of the first barrel is silted up, then the liquid will go into the ground through the second and third containers. Barrels can significantly extend the life of the septic tank between cleanings.
Of course, it is necessary to provide free access to the septic tank to the septic tank. If the soil on the site has good filtering properties, then water in the plums can be sent in large quantities, while not being afraid of overflowing the septic tank. Barrels must be covered with lids, additionally installed on the pits of wooden boards from boards.
If the winters are harsh, an insulation is additionally laid on it, then it is covered with earth. Over time, the septic tank becomes almost leakproof, but the resulting air congestion can make it difficult to drain the water. Therefore, for ventilation, it is necessary to install ventilation pipes on the lid of the pit with barrels. Such sewerage for convenience is almost no different from the city.
Useful Tips
1. If the drain main pipe from the foundation of the house to the pit is laid in a shallow trench, this section of the pipe must be insulated.
2. When calculating the capacity of the drain pit, consider only its working volume. To do this, when digging a pit, lay all sizes below the entrance to the pit of the drain pipe by 10-15 cm, the same as the second and third pits.
3. If you cannot get through the ventilation system of the sewer system with the exhaust pipe to the roof of the house, provide two holes with a diameter of 5-6 cm in the drain hole at the maximum distance from each other. Use one of them under an exhaust pipe with a height of 15 - 20 cm, the other - under a pipe with a height of 2-2.5 meters. Take a tall pipe from the drain pit to a distance of 5-6 meters. This guarantees you no unpleasant odors.
4. When connecting pipes, lubricate the inner o-rings with plenty of solid oil. This measure will not only facilitate the connection of nodes - when the solid is dry, it will reliably fix the connections.
5. If the drain riser in your system is 4 meters or more high, install the bottom end of the main pipe (usually a corner) on a hard surface.
Car tire cesspool
The kitchen and the bathroom are located at opposite ends of the big house, so the question arose about the need to make two separate drains and each one has its own septic tank: the first for water from the kitchen sink, and the second for the toilet and bathroom.
In the beginning, we developed a connection diagram for the drain pipes in the bathroom (toilet, sink, bathtub, washing machine), then mounted the entire pipeline, during installation, the o-rings were abundantly lubricated with solid oil, this greatly facilitated the connection of pipes, corners, stains, and the solid oil increases the tightness over time.
To remove the main sewer pipe from the house under an even slope (three degrees) to the septic tank, a hole was made in the foundation at the desired height. Then, after exiting the foundation, a plastic pipe with a diameter of 110 mm. sent at an angle of 90 degrees, sent down to the ground, then at a depth of 0.5 meters through the connecting corner to the pit.
So that in winter the sewage in the pipe did not freeze, we used a special insulation for sewer pipes. Instead of a traditional large cesspool, we dug two deep pits 2.5 meters deep, 1.2 meters in diameter, the distance between the pits is about 1 meter.
In advance, wheels from KAMAZ were prepared, which are scattered along highways abandoned by drivers when replacing ramps.
One pit requires 7-8 wheels, the wheel must first be prepared, namely: cut the neck to the side with a large sharp knife, and a rubber ring with a diameter of about a meter and a height equal to the height of the wheel is obtained.
We begin to mount a septic tank; we put the first ring on the bottom of the pit, then we lay 5-6 bricks around the circumference, prepare the support for the next ring, the rest of the rings are laid in the same sequence.
After entering the drain sewer pipe into the first hole, we connect both holes with a plastic pipe, the connection should be located below the main entrance to the height of the wheel.
In order not to cut the tread of the wheels, it is advisable to introduce pipes into the space between the wheels where the bricks are placed.
The first pit is used as a sedimentation tank, and when the liquid is poured into the second pit, the liquid goes into the ground.
This system is cheap, simple and reliable.
It is necessary to provide access to the pit of the sewage machine. At the second pit, it is desirable to plant a moisture-loving tree, this will be an additional consumer of moisture.
The top of the pit must be closed with a lid, since the lid is not tight, then an air plug does not form, therefore, ventilation of the pit is not necessary, no stench is observed.
Advice
As the wheels are stacked, it is necessary to sprinkle the earth between the wheel and the wall of the pit.
In a similar way, a drain pit was made for the kitchen, exploiting these pits for five years, until they had once been cleaned.
